1. The Importance of Marine Ecosystems

• Provide climate regulation, biodiversity conservation, and food security.
• Face severe threats due to pollution and human activities.

2. Global Marine Pollution Crisis

• 300 million tons of plastic waste are produced annually, with 8 million tons entering oceans.
• Marine debris causes $11.2 billion in annual damage to:

✔ Fisheries & aquaculture

✔ Marine transportation

✔ Shipbuilding

✔ Marine tourism

• Five massive garbage patches have formed across the world’s oceans.

Fate of Ocean Plastics

• 80% originates from land-based sources.
• 70% sinks to the seafloor, making it invisible but highly destructive.
• Increased single-use plastics and a $180 billion investment in plastic production demand urgent action.

3. Iran’s Efforts in Marine Waste Management

• $40 million allocated to:

✔ Waste prevention programs

✔ Recycling & reuse initiatives

✔ Safe disposal, with a focus on coastal provinces

4. Oil Pollution & Industrial Impact

• Major sources of oil pollution:

✔ Offshore oil spills

✔ Leaks from passing oil tankers

• Iran’s oil spill response strategy includes:

✔ Remote sensing technology for early detection

✔ Specialized response centers in key ports

5. Marine Ecosystems & Food Security

• Fisheries & aquaculture supply nearly 50% of animal protein in some regions.
• Sustainable practices support:

✔ Food security & nutrition

✔ Economic growth

✔ Environmental conservation

6. The Need for Investment in Marine Research

• Comprehensive data collection is essential for:

✔ Effective environmental policies

✔ Conservation strategies

✔ Sustainable resource management